Digital Camera :: Business Management Studies Assignment

Digital CameraProduct The product which I am planning to do is a digital camerathat contains former(a) useful features which would be ideal for theconsumers. These features can range from games, music downloads,radio, Bluetooth and email access (depending on what consumers preferbetter).Promotion When promoting my product I will give notice (of) on thetelevision which may expand to international channels depending on howwell my product will do in the market. Also pick out a demo of my productat exhibitions that take place for consumers to see, feel and touchthe product rather than just a picture on the magazines. To aalsoattract more than consumers to my product they will receive an attachedprinter for half price.Price Digital cameras are ranged from 700 to 90 relying on thequality of it. I will hasten 2 take out my market research to see whatprice would be a reasonable price for the camera.All industries are influenced by SLEPT factors. For example, around ofthe SLEPT factors a ffecting the airline industry in recent yearsinclude complaisant increased popularity of foreign travel leading to a boom indemand for air travel. However, this has been adversely affected byinternational terrorism.Legal there are increasingly tight rules about the materials thatneed to go into aircraft wrench in order to make them safer andmore resistant to fire hazards. This has had the impact of raisingcosts.Economic lower interest rates have meant that people have moredisposable income to spend on luxuries like long distance air travel.Political the development of freedom of movement and trade in theEuropean Union has led to greater levels of competition on Europeanroutes coupled with increased movement of people.Technological modern aircraft are safer and more economic to slope thanin the past making possible cheap air travel.Before creating business plans or when evaluating existing ones it isimportant to scan the external environment. This takes the form of aSLEPT analysis, i.e. an investigating of the Social, Legal, Economic,Political, and Technological influences on a business. In addition itis also important to be aware of the actions of your competitors.These forces are continually in a state of change. Social factorsrelate to pattern of behaviour, tastes, and lifestyles. A majorcomponent of this is a change in consumer behaviour resulting fromchanges in fashions and styles. The age structure of the populationalso alters over time (currently we have an ageing population). Anunderstanding of social change gives business a better feel for thefuture market situation.Laws are continually organism updated in a wide range of areas, e.g.consumer protection legislation, environmental legislation, health &

A Womens Quest in The Odyssey, A Room Of Ones Own, and Northanger Abb

A Womens Quest in The Odyssey, A Room Of Ones Own, and Northanger Abbey A indicate is a tale that celebrates how atomic number 53ness can cleverly and decisively rise superior to all opposition. Yet as sportsmanlike prospectives on hi twaddle now suggest, in this search for freedom and order, the masculine craving for adventure, demanded restrictions upon women, forcing her into deeper confinement, horizontal within her limited province. Thus the rights of a man are separated by the expectancies of a woman. Each subsequent story deals with a search for true statement that is hidden by the facades of social convention. This search is often hampered by the conventions that are part of the outside and inside domain. For a females quest is best displayed in the electron orbit of domestic life, which drastically diminishes her diversity of action, compared to men who are expected to live public, successful lives. The Homeric journey for males is a corporeal adventure in the impertinent world. Odysseus is a man who pursues his objective against all opposition. He absolutely refuses to give in, whatever happens to him en route for home. Constantly, he reinforces the commandment that will guide him passim his struggles For if some god batters me far out on the wine-blue water, I will endure it, keeping a stubborn look inside of me, for already I have suffered much and done much hard work... (The Odyssey 9. 12-16) So the hero of The Odyssey displays the manifold ability to overcome beings of all kinds, one after the other. Always he comes to fore as the master, and by his extraordinary greatness,... ...t intensive of adventures, is to tear the guise of alien. Thus we may learn a fresh respect for courage and why so much is necessary. Only then can we appreciate how gallant, how witty and yet how compassionate that quest was. Works Cited and Consulted Austen, Jane. Northanger Abbey, Oxford Worlds Classics, 1998. Benstock, Shari, ed . womens liberationist Zssues in Literary Scholarship. Bloomington atomic number 49 UP, 1987. Crane, Gregory , Calypso Backgrounds and Conventions of the Odyssey, Frankfurt, Athenaeum 1988 Delany, Sheila. Writing Women Women Writers and Women in Literature Medieval to Modern. rude(a) York Schocken, 1983. Homer (Translated by Robert Fagles. Preface by Bernard Knox). The Odyssey. immature York Viking Penguin, div. of Penguin Books, Ltd. 1996.Woolf, Virginia. A Room of Ones Own. 1929. New York Harvest-Harcourt, 1989. A Womens Quest in The Odyssey, A Room Of Ones Own, and Northanger AbbA Womens Quest in The Odyssey, A Room Of Ones Own, and Northanger Abbey A quest is a tale that celebrates how one can cleverly and resolutely rise superior to all opposition. Yet as fresh prospectives on history now suggest, in this search for freedom and order, the masculine craving for adventure, demanded restrictions upon women, forcing her into deeper confinement, even withi n her limited province. Thus the rights of a man are separated by the expectancies of a woman. Each subsequent story deals with a search for truth that is hidden by the facades of social convention. This search is often hampered by the conventions that are part of the outside and inside domain. For a females quest is best displayed in the sphere of domestic life, which drastically diminishes her diversity of action, compared to men who are expected to live public, successful lives. The Homeric journey for males is a physical adventure in the external world. Odysseus is a man who pursues his objective against all opposition. He absolutely refuses to give in, whatever happens to him en route for home. Constantly, he reinforces the principle that will guide him throughout his struggles For if some god batters me far out on the wine-blue water, I will endure it, keeping a stubborn spirit inside of me, for already I have suffered much and done much hard work... (The Ody ssey 9. 12-16) So the hero of The Odyssey displays the manifold ability to overcome beings of all kinds, one after the other. Always he comes to fore as the master, and by his extraordinary greatness,... ...t intensive of adventures, is to tear the guise of alien. Thus we may learn a fresh respect for courage and why so much is necessary. Only then can we appreciate how gallant, how witty and yet how compassionate that quest was. Works Cited and Consulted Austen, Jane. Northanger Abbey, Oxford Worlds Classics, 1998. Benstock, Shari, ed. Feminist Zssues in Literary Scholarship. Bloomington Indiana UP, 1987. Crane, Gregory , Calypso Backgrounds and Conventions of the Odyssey, Frankfurt, Athenaeum 1988 Delany, Sheila. Writing Women Women Writers and Women in Literature Medieval to Modern. New York Schocken, 1983. Homer (Translated by Robert Fagles. Preface by Bernard Knox). The Odyssey. New York Viking Penguin, div. of Penguin Books, Ltd. 1996.Woolf, Virginia. A Room of Ones O wn. 1929. New York Harvest-Harcourt, 1989.

Teens Choice to Drink :: essays research papers

Article SummeryBeyond Invulnerability The Importance of Benefits in Adolescents Decision to Drink alcoholic drinkIntroduction Many things affect the choice of an adolescent to drink alcohol. It is thought that this particular age group thinks that they are not vulnerable to the risks involved with crapulence alcohol. Studies in this area have resulted in mixed conclusions some support the idea of adolescent invulnerability others do not. Intervention programs seem to work fall in if they are aimed at reducing risk taking behaviors than helping an adolescent realize their true invulnerability (in fact vulnerability). Older adolescents seem to be to a greater extent likely to participate in groundless behavior because of positive outcomes of previous risky behavior. This experiment is to find out how adolescents perceive the benefits of risky behavior and how the comprehend benefits motivate risky behavior. Five main questions will be discussed1. How do individuals perceive both the benefits and risks of drinking alcohol?2. How do risk and benefit perceptions disagree across age group?3. Experience differs with age, so how do risk and benefit perceptions differ by experience?4. Do risk and benefit perceptions squall drinking and smoking 6 months by and by?5. What is the relative contribution of perceived benefits (or perceived risks) in predicting risk taking behavior? This article is about a longitudinal study, but only focuses on the last two (of three) experiments which were spaced 6 months apart. Methods The sample for this experiment is taken from fifth, one-seventh and ninth graders in blue California. The participants were chosen by one of two methods mail based or classroom based. The mail method (letters were sent to the home) recruited 89 fifth graders, 130 seventh graders and 58 ninth graders. The classroom method (information was given to students at school) resulted in 36 fifth graders, 18 seventh graders and 102 ninth graders. Participant s were given surveys to complete (and later compensated with $$). The answers on the surveys were measured in a few different ways. An individuals benefit versus risk perception was measured by having the participants have in a certain probability (percent) that a benefit or risk will happen as a result of a risky behavior. To measure a participants previous experience with benefits or risk they were asked yes or no questions, for example, have you ever liked the buzz you got from drinking alcohol? Or have you ever gotten sick from drinking alcohol? An individuals experience with drinking was also measured by a 5 assign Likert scale, participants could chose any point on a range from none to more than 10 times to answer the questions how many times have they drunk alcohol and how many times have they have had six or more drinks.

Lupus Essay -- essays research papers

Lupus is an autoimmune disease that rounds women between the ages of 15 and 40. It occurs less often in men than in women. The people affected by lupus vary depending on the country or region. In the US alone, the prevalence rate is highest among Asians of Hawaii, blacks of Caribbean origin, and Native Americans of the Sioux, Arapahoe, and gas tribes. Lupus is a disease that affects the immune system. We can think of the immune system as an army within the body with hundreds of defenders (known as antibodies). They defend the body from attack by germs and viruses. In lupus, however, the immune system be go intos overactive and creates antibodies that attack healthy tissues in the body, such as the uncase, kidneys, lungs, heart and brain. This attack induces inflammation, causing redness, pain, and swelling. It is not contagious. Symptoms come and go and vary from soul to person. The symptoms can bring forth so slowly that the person may not notice for a long time. When the lupu s symptoms atomic number 18 evident, they are called flares or relapses. When the symptoms are better, it is said that they are in remission. There are three major types of lupus 1.Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - lupus that affects certain parts of the body2.Discoid or Cutaneous Lupus - lupus mainly of the skin3.Drug-Induced Lupus - lupus caused by medicine Systemic lupus erythematosus, sometimes called SLE, is the most serious form of the disease. Systemic means that it may affect galore(postnominal) parts of the body, such as the joints, skin, kidneys, lungs, heart, or the brain. This type of lupus can be mild or serious. If it is not treated, systemic lupus can cause damage to the organs inside your body. Discoid and cutaneous lupus mainly affects the skin. The person may have a red rash or a color change of the skin on the face, scalp, or other parts of the body. Drug-induced lupus is caused by a small number of prescription medications. The person with drug-induced lupus may h ave the same symptoms as the person with systemic lupus, but it is usually less serious. Usually when the medicine is stopped, the disease goes away. The most common drugs that can cause lupus are procainamide, used for heart problems, hydralazine used for high blood pressure, and dilantin used for seizures. Drug-induced lupus is usually found i... ...nbspChloroquine, (Aralen) oHydroxychloroquine, (Plaquenil) oQuinacrine, (Atabrine) Chemotheraphy drugs oAzathioprine, (Imuran) oCyclophosphamide, (Cytoxan)If, after diagnosis of lupus, the patient should develop pain in the chest previously undiagnosed that is crushing or squeezing, shortness of breathe that is preventing the patient to breathe adequately, or more than two symptoms of a stroke, 911 or another emergency service should be called immediately. The doctor should be called immediately if the patient develops chest pain, shortness of breathe, blood in the urine or urinating less than normal, a fever over 100.5 with or withou t a headache or body aches, experience depression or change in behavior, phlegm or tingling in the hands or feet, dizzy or muscle weakness, or have swelling of the lower extremities and have been diagnosed with lupus.There is no cure, no way to prevent lupus, and there is no definitive treatment.

William Butler Yeats Essay -- essays research papers

William Butler Yeats-     An Irish poet, dramatist, and prose writer-     Known for having intellectual and often obsucure poetry works-     Quoted to be oneness of the greatest English-language poets of the 20th century-     Even Received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923o     What was most recognizable about that fact is that he is celebrated for his lyrical poetic works that came after the prize-     Yeats war born in 1865 in capital of IrelandYeatss childhood was broad in education and individualized experiences. Yeats became a youth full of emotional contradictions. Spiritually, educationally, and personally, Yeats seemed to pull himself in different directions, unable to decide on a clear path. These internal contradictions would come to become the writer and man that he would one day become. o     Father was a lawyer turned paint ero     Art was no rum in his familyo     But his religious views wereHis spiritual outlook played significant role in his life and his works. Born into a Protestant family, with a paternal grandfather and great-grandfather having been Anglican clergymen, religion was a constant presence in his childhood. Yeats began to abandon the religion of his Rationalist upbringing and made a vernal religion out of poetic tradition (Kunitz, 1560)."You know what the Englishmans idea of compromise is? He says, some good deal say there is a God. Some people say there is no God. The truth probably lies somewhere between these two presentments."-     In his youth he was very interested in the supernatural-     stemming from his fascination with Irish folk stories and tales -     Became increasingly interested Mysticismo     Specifically, Reincarnation, communication wi th the dead, mediums, supernatural systems, and oriental mysticism&61607     Much of his work was influenced by these factors&61607     The mystical life is the centre of all that I do and all that I think and all that I write-     1886 Formed the Dublin Lodge of the... ...e witnessed this serene scene at Coole Park-     The swans emphasize a fixed flow in the inconsistencies of timeo     passion or conquering&61607     Question whether the swans take off for the passion of flight or simply for the spirit of adventure-     Yeats makes the swans seem other worldly, existing inside his state of nostalgia-     In the final lines, he expresses doubt for the first timeo     He seems to expect to find that the swans will have flown away one day and he will be left without the feelings of delight that they sinstill in him&61607     Other mens eyes will enjoy their beauty      heart that time will go on and some one else will simply take his placeo     The poem ends with a question which suggests that the poet is meditate not only what will happen in the future but also how he will feel then-     This poem is filled with tiny imagery and an introspective steady theme of nostalgia

William Butler Yeats Essay -- essays research papers

William Butler Yeats-     An Irish poet, dramatist, and prose writer-     Known for having intellectual and often obsucure poetry works-     Quoted to be one of the greatest English-language poets of the twentieth century-     Even Received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923o     What was most recognizable ab come out that fact is that he is famous for his lyrical poetical works that came after the prize-     Yeats war born in 1865 in DublinYeatss childhood was broad in education and personal experiences. Yeats became a callowness full of emotional contradictions. Spiritually, educationally, and personally, Yeats seemed to pull himself in different directions, unable to decide on a clear path. These internal contradictions would come to shape the writer and gentleman that he would one day become. o     Father was a lawyer turned paintero& nbsp    Art was no stranger in his familyo     But his religious views wereHis spiritual outlook played significant role in his life and his works. Born into a Protestant family, with a paternal granddaddy and great-grandfather having been Anglican clergymen, religion was a constant presence in his childhood. Yeats began to abandon the religion of his Rationalist upbringing and made a new religion out of poetic tradition (Kunitz, 1560)."You know what the Englishmans idea of compromise is? He says, some people say there is a God. Some people say there is no God. The truth probably lies somewhere between these two statements."-     In his youth he was very interested in the occult-     stemming from his fascination with Irish folk stories and tales -     Became increasingly interested Mysticismo     Specifically, Reincarnation, communication with the dead, medi ums, supernatural systems, and oriental mysticism&61607     Much of his work was influenced by these factors&61607     The mystical life is the centre of all that I do and all that I think and all that I write-     1886 Formed the Dublin Lodge of the... ...e witnessed this quiet scene at Coole Park-     The swans emphasize a fixed flow in the inconsistencies of timeo     passion or conquest&61607      distrust whether the swans take off for the passion of flight or simply for the spirit of adventure-     Yeats makes the swans seem other worldly, existing inside his state of nostalgia-     In the final exam lines, he expresses doubt for the first timeo     He seems to expect to find that the swans pull up stakes have flown away one day and he leave be left without the feelings of delight that t hey sinstill in him&61607     Other mens eyes will enjoy their beauty     Meaning that time will go on and some one else will simply take his placeo     The poem ends with a question which suggests that the poet is pondering not single what will happen in the future but also how he will feel then-     This poem is filled with detailed imagery and an self-examining steady theme of nostalgia

Media and the Idea of Beauty Essay

Elizabeth Rosales Cultural Anthropology-A18 Yi,Zhou April 21, 2011 Response Paper killing Us Softly Who be we? Who am I? With the bonny American exposed to approximately 3,000 ads a day they all remind us of who we are not and who we should be. The images we are constantly bombarded with by the mass media gaint just sell products they sell values, images, concepts of love, sex, and normativity, standards to which we so often compare ourselves to.Ads reinforce gender binaries, all making a statement about what it factor to be a woman in this culture of thinness stressing a particular importance on physical beauty. Jean Kilbournes film Killing Us Softly explores and exposes the detrimental effects of the objectification and dehumanization in the representation of women in the popular culture, specifically advertisements.With only less than five percent of women of the completed population that reflect the images of the women advertised, the majority of women are left to feel asha med for not trying hard enough. Womens bodies are increasingly subjected to strict scrutiny under a magnifying glass by our superficial culture, these actions bring forth and further feed the shame and embarrassment women associate with their bodies, their sexuality, their size, and their weight.Spending self-conscious days, weeks, months, and level off years in front of a mirror and scale, inspecting our bodies in front of a mirror comparing ourselves to the images spread over magazine covers as women we are repeatedly reminded that our bodies are home to imperfections and there is always room for improvement whether that be through exercise, plastic surgical process, dieting, or over the counter beauty and wellness products. Rosales 2 Is this self-improvement or self-destruction?Today, 1 in 5 women are likely to develop an eating disorder and cosmetic surgery is more popular than ever before. More and more women each day are going under the knife for breast enhancements losing a ll sensation in their breasts. Such procedures dehumanize and objectify women transforming them from subjects to objects, all because as women we are conditioned by the dominant culture to want to feel desirable and seek the panegyric of men. The breasts, therefore, become a source of pleasure for the men and not the women who undergo the procedure.These internalized feelings drive many to strive to obtain an unattainable beauty and live up to certain impossible expectations whether its consciously or not. We fail to recognize that most of the images we are exposed to are computer generated, they are not authentic women they have been photo shopped and manipulated to look like that and yet we continue to perpetuate these images as the standards for beauty. Much more, the standards that women are expected to live up to is a paradox of ideas, we are to be both innocent and sexy, virgin and experienced child/doll-like and sex objects simultaneously.Can that be any more absurd? Gende r is a performance that the mass media is largely responsible for defining, if we are not thin or bonny enough then we are not feminine enough. The conquering and misrepresentation of women is not limited to gender though, race plays an active role in the representation of women. Asian women for example, are depicted as docile and unresisting lovers, whereas black and Hispanic women are hyper sexualized and portrayed as exotic promiscuous creatures dressed in animal prints.The perfect ideal woman was manufactured and its time we recognize this, she is an illusion that doesnt exist outside of caricature. Instead of altering our Rosales 3 bodies to fit those Barbie doll like measurements we need to out portraying the large diversity of women accurately and stop condemning those who are not thin enough, tall enough, light enough, as not being beautiful because they arent trying hard enough to fit those categories.

Women in Bollywood

Film is somehow a depiction of real life. The movies produced invent a nations culture and the interplay of its citizens within the order. Such interplay is the role of a man and a charr in India. Cinema in India is the largest tillable movie industry in the world. Kn induce as Bollywood, Indians ar able to make films which portray the Indians way of life, provoke their sense of identity, and their nationalism. By looking at Indian films, one can have the general idea of the Indian society. Women, in particular, are clearly portrayed in Bollywood.There are notions of what a computable and a bad cleaning woman is. The actions of women depicted in the films also create norms on how women are placed in the society. Just interchangeable films from other countries, Bollywood have by and large projected women in a standardize character (Mishra, 2002, p. xix). Though the Indian culture evolves in accordance with modern times, women standard in films somehow has been typified with in the norms. Two of the best-selling Hindi movies that made its mark on Bollywood Cinema have women as the main character. female parent India (1957) and warble Aapke Hain Kaun (1994), some(prenominal) are notable exercises in the Indian film industry. The former being a dramatic movie and the latter, a romantic comedy feature with musical. These two films presented women who are bounded by the traditions of the society and how they reacted to it. Both of the films pertained to the concept of Indias ideal woman. As heroines from the two movies revolved around different surround and time frame, they were depicted as the women molded into the traditions of Indian society. These traditions lead to the films depiction of Indias nationalism.As what Thomas mentioned in her essay (1989) about Indias struggle for exemption in the form of films Since it first emerged in the context of colonial Indias fight for independence, Indian cinema, for a number of rea word of honors, has been co ncerned with constructing a notion of Indian cultural and national identity. This has involved drawing on concepts such as traditions. (p. 11) Mother India is a film that has a heavier plot than that of the warble Aapke Hain Kaun. Radha, the female helper faced a lot of moral and social struggles as the story progress.Her personal role as a mother conflicted with her public responsibility as a woman. As a young woman who married the man she kip downs, she was encapsulated in the dutiful role of a wife. Radha fulfilled the traditional wife duties as her husbands companion and helper at work. Radha is one of the most dynamic characters in Bollywood. Her change in attitudes in the course of the film was unavoidable as dramatic situations occurred in her story. The changes that happened in Radhas character are two opposite personalities of a woman.From the shy, newly married young woman she modify into a self-dependent single mother who worked hard to uphold the dignity of her chil dren and their standard of living. Her marriage with Shamu made her a committed and devoted wife to him. She is always at his side especially when working. However, as tragedy followed Shamu getting handicapped resulted into his decision to leave his family, Radhas role as a mother has to be emphasized. Her solicitude turned into a strong, courageous woman who built her family within dignified moral grounds.With this kind of dynamism, Radha was depicted as a powerful woman. The character of an sceptred and independent woman was very rare in Indian cinema at the time Mother India was released. This kind of portrayal brought Radha with goddess-like features because of enduring so a high-priced deal struggles and overcoming tribulations. Radha was one of the few fictional female characters depicted in a heroic manner. The flow of Radhas story is quite similar with the goddess Sita. Radha who endured the hard work together with her husband just like what Sita did when she gave up ri chness to join her husband in exile.Both of them endured the hardships of raising their children alone. Though both(prenominal) of them may have been portrayed as frail and timid, they exude strength especially in the most challenging aspect of their lives. The loyalty and chastity of the goddess can be seen on the movie where Radha refused Sukhilals offer of marriage. Upholding her chastity meant maintaining the dignity of their family in spite of their situation of poverty. Radha always reminded her sons to live a life within moral principles and to serve as good citizens of their village.The chastity was not only for her but for her familys name. Her sons became the extension of maintaining that purity despite their strife in life. Another goddess associated with Radha is the goddess Kali. The goddess is described as the fierce, passionate goddess of both life and remnant (Thorner, Raj & Trust, 2000, p. 97). The fierceness of the goddess can be witnessed when Radha aggressive ly declined Sukhilals seduction and almost caused havoc inside his house. The characteristic of Kalis destruction can be identified in the event when Radha shot her favorite son.There was a struggle within Radha to be a good mother or to be a law abiding citizen. Birju failed to uphold what his mother have instilled to them and because of this, Radha decided to end his life to maintain the honor of the family. The crosstie of Radha with Kali has been raise justified by Rosie Thomas. Focusing on the experiences of men closer to Radha, Thomas indicated Radhas goddess feature of punishment. Her depiction on the film holding heavy ax and shovel that she uses for farm work portrayed her as a strong woman that is capable of punishing if issues does not go right (Thomas, 1989, p.17). The mere association of men with Radha caused the men on the film to be somewhat destroyed. Thomas described this destruction as an attribute to Radha being analyzed to Kali She kills her favorite son her husband loses both arms (and implicitly his manliness)the villainous Sukhilal end up covered in cotton fluff, cowering like a naughty infant as she beats him with a big stickThus, she is both venerator of men and venerated by them as devi (goddess) and maa (mother), and she is, in turn, in need of mens protection and a protector and destroyer of men. (p.16) The character of Radha can be quite the contrary for the depiction of Nisha in Hum Aapke Hain Kaun. This is a romantic comedy family-oriented film. If Mother India mostly portrayed the role of the woman in a society, Hum Aapke Hain Kaun showed womens place within the structure of the family. Indian traditions are clearly emphasized on the film especially in the engagement and wedding ceremonies (Hirji, 2005). Though the plot in the movie consists of light drama, the underlying role of the women in a classifiable Indian family connotes how women are in real life.The women in this film are bounded by family traditions which meant that every decision in the family should come from the male piece of the family. The constitution that was made between Mr. Kailashnath and Mr. Siddharth for Pooja and Rajeshs wedding made it very clear. This scene proved that family decisions should rule and the rule comes mostly from the male members. Women in Hum Aapke Hain Kaun are portrayed as dutiful and obedient. Nisha, the younger sister of Pooja, is the woman who is given focus on the film. She is portrayed in the film as a playful prankster and cheerful woman.As every woman in India, she is deeply attached with her family and it is seen in her human relationship with her sister whom shes closest with. Eventually, Nishas relationship with Prem will be greatly affected by her relationship with her family. Like Radha, Nisha experienced a transition within her character. Though Radha is a bit much complex, Nishas transition can be seen from being a happy-go-lucky girl to a woman that has to fulfill her familys traditions. This is more evident when Prem and Nisha sacrificed their love so that she could marry Prems brother after Poojas death.The woman is seen to give up her own wishes and desires to abide her duties in her family. This aspect of women in Indian culture provided similarities with the goddess that was compared with Mother India. Aside from being loyal and upholding her chastity, the goddess Sita is a devoted and dutiful woman to her sons and to her husband. This feature is apparent on the easy acceptance of Pooja with the arrangement of marriage with Rajesh. The marriage was arranged by two of the highest male authorities of both families and the film portrayed that the decision to marry was a final thing to do.Shedding off whatever attraction that may have happened when they were introduced, an objection for the marriage from either Pooja or Rajesh did not exist for the sake of their fathers. On the other hand, Nisha despite her feelings for Prem decided to marry Rajesh for the sake of her nephew and her dead sister. Though it was against her will, she decided to take the route of being married to her brother-in-law. This event, as part of her change, showed Nisha becoming an ideal woman who sacrificed and obeyed her family.Like the goddess Sita who allowed Rama to exile her, Nisha complied with her familys request even if it entailed to give up her love for Prem. This film showed the Indian traditions viewing Nisha as a heroine who would never put her own dreams ahead of the aspirations and desires of her family or men (Ghose, 2006, p. 5). The conservative woman who considers her self as a second priority is what appeal as an ideal woman. Nisha is a good woman with a generous heart that can be compared to the dutiful goddess Sita who is the epitome of how Indian women are raised.On the contrary, the opposite of the good or ideal woman is revealed in the character of Mamiji. Nisha is portrayed as the simple conservative girl while Mamiji is depicted as selfish, mercenary, and vain (Ghosh, 2000, p. 86). Her being vain is symbolized as being self-centered which opposed Nishas character of selflessness. The fact that Mamiji does not have a child of her own makes her what she is. The lack of motherhood in her personality entertained her attention solely on herself. The concept of a bad woman in the film can be compared to the struggle that India has been experiencing after the colonial period.Somehow, the qualities of a bad woman in the image of Mamiji such as going to the beauty parlor can be seen as a modern caseful of woman. As Rosie Thomas mentioned, Indian films are mostly in the context of struggling for independence by showcasing nationalism through tradition (Thomas, 1989, p. 11). The depiction of the sharp Mamiji as a modern woman in oppose to Nisha or Pooja as the traditional women of India say much about Indias effort to promote its culture rather than the practices that are left by their invaders.Taking all of these into account , somehow it can be determined that an ideal woman within the Indian society is someone who is submissive and selfless. Both films are able to portray those traits. Mother India and Hum Aapke Hain Kaun are perfect depictions of women who are bounded by Indian traditions whether in society or in the family. Though both women differ in strength and with the way they are portrayed, Radha and Nisha are both subjected to the responsibilities that they have as women going away no room for their own will and personal desires.The portrayal of women in films having goddess-like characteristics, symbolizes the nationalism of India. India regarded many female gods in their religion and they attributed these deities as an example of how a female should behave in the society. Emphasizing traditions in Bollywood is their way of promoting Indian nationalism. One effective way of showing these traditions would be in the form of a female as both of these films have been considered as icons in the In dian film industry.These female characters that were associated with Hindu goddesses transcend into society to be emulated and to uphold the culture. For Indians compare their country to a female that nurture its people and unselfishly gave her land for them to nourish and to raise a dignified India. References Ghose, A. (2006). Of Names of Women in Hindi Cinema. Retrieved October 30, 2008, from Esocialsciences . Ghosh, S. (2000). Hum Aapke Hain Kaun Pluralizing Pleasures of Viewership. Social Scientist, Vol. 28, p. 83-90.Hirji, F. (2005). When Local Meets Lucre Commerce, Culture and Imperialism in Bollywood Cinema. Carleton University. Retrieved October 30, 2008, from http//lass. calumet. purdue. edu/cca/gmj/OldSiteBackup/SubmittedDocuments/Fall2005/graduate/Hirji-%20Refereed. htm. Mishra, V. (2002). Bollywood Cinema Temples of Desire. New York Routledge. Raj, Maithreyi. K. , Thorner, A. & Trust, S. (2000). Ideals, Images, and Real Lives. New Delhi Orient Blackswan. Thomas, R. (198 9). Sanctity and Scandal The Mythologization of Mother India. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, Vol. 11, 11-30.

Recording, Analysing & Using HR Information Essay

This document will review the governances approach to collecting, storing and using HR data. It will go forward wherefore the organisation needs to collect HR data, the different types of data that is collected and how it is beneficial to HR, different storing method actings and their benefit and UK legislation relating to the recording, storage and access to HR data. HR data contains highly sensitive information such as salary, pension information, grievances, and basic personnel information (name, address, and telephone details). A fine bottom of the inning be enforced up to ? 500. 000 in an organisation is found to wear breached data bulwark.Data Management There are many different reasons why an organisation needs to collect HR data from ensuring legal requirements are meet, to provide relevant information in decision making and planning, health and safety, protection from claims, working time directive. If used correctly it can serve as a very useful management tool. Hold ing recruitment new catechumen paperwork that contains a national insurance number and passport picture is essential to proving someone is eligible to work in the UK, without proof of eligibility the organisation can event a fine.Inductions record when an employee has been through the necessary requirements to do their role such as a health and safety course, and manual handling. This can protect the organisation if a claim was to rise with regards to injury or illness. If an employee raises a grievance as they have reached an unacceptable level of sickness. We can use the data held on our systems with regard to absences to prove when they have been in work and for how long, if we keep meeting notes we can also prove how we evaluated the situation and the action that was taken which can be used if it went to a tribunal, or if HR was looking at process management.The Inland Revenue can request data at any orchestrate from mileage, expenses, salary, national insurance, therefore it is essential we keep records such as P60, payslips, expense reports so this data can be crossed checked and proof that we have paid an employee correctly. Data Storage From the moment an application is received to the moment an employee receives their P45 an organisation holds data. We call this the Life Cycle of and Employee. There are two methods in which we store data Manual Records This can be filing cabinets and folders held within storage cupboards.His is kept mainly as a backup should electronic systems distribute or where original documents must be retained as a legal requirement such as a maternity MATB1 form. The benefits of this are the data is easily accessible and will not be prone to any electrical power failures or computerised scams which corrupt data. However there is the risk of keys macrocosm lost or data being seen by unauthorised personnel if it is not put away correctly. To prevent such occurrence a percipient desk policy could be implemented.Systems This can be excel spreadsheets that hold reports and link to other systems such as SAP, which is where we hold employee information such as address, salary, pension, hours worked, absences. The benefits of this method means you do not have to search numerous files as the data is held in one place, which is useful if an employee data request is received. As a sustainable organisation it benefits the environment as we dont use paper. Documents are easily maintained and can be moved to different servers or USB devices for storage.

Economics Review Essay

1. Describe some(a) of the trade-offs faced by each of the following 1. a family deciding whether to buy a new machine 2. a member of Congress deciding how much to cast off on national parks 3. a company president deciding whether to open a new factory 4. a professor deciding how much to prepare for class5. a recent college graduate deciding whether to go to graduate discipline 2. You are seek to decide whether to take a vacation. Most of the costs of the vacation (airfare, hotel, and forgone wages) are measured in dollars, but the benefits of the vacation are psychological. How tail assembly you compare the benefits to the costs? 3. You were planning to spend Saturday working at your set forth-time job, but a friend asks you to go locomote. What is the true cost of going skiing? Now suppose you had been planning to spend the day studying at the library. What is the cost of going skiing in this case? Explain. 4. You win $100 in a basketball pool. You have a choice between spen ding the money now or putting it a guidance for a year in a bank account that affords 5 percent interest. What is the opportunity cost of spending the $100 now?5. The company that you manage has invested $5 million in developing a new product, but the development is not quite finished. At a recent meeting, your gross salespeople report that the introduction of competing products has subjectd the expected sales of your new product to $3 million. If it would cost $1 million to finish development and make the product, should you go ahead and do so? What is the most that you should pay to complete development? 6. The Social Security system provides income for people over age 65. If a recipient of Social Security decides to work and earn some income, the amount he or she receives in Social Security benefits is typically reduce 6. How does the provision of Social Security affect peoples bonus to save while working? 7. How does the reduction in benefits associated with higher(prenominal ) earnings affect peoples incentive to work past age 65? 7. A 1996 bill reforming the federal establishments antipoverty programs limited many welfare recipients to only two years of benefits.8. How does this change affect the incentives for working? 9. How cogency this change represent a trade-off between equality and efficiency? 8. Your roommate is a better cook than you are, but you can clean more than quickly than your roommate can. If your roommate did all the cooking and you did all the cleaning, would your chores take you more or less time than if you divided each task as? Give a similar example of how specialization and trade can make two countries both better off. 9. Explain whether each of the following government activities is motivated by a concern about equality or a concern about efficiency. In the case of efficiency, discuss the type of securities industry failure involve 10. regulating cable TV prices11. providing some poor people with vouchers that can be use d to buy food 12. prohibiting smoking in public places 13. breaking up Standard Oil (which once owned 90 percent of all oil refineries) into several smaller companies 14. imposing higher personal income tax rates on people with higher incomes 15. instituting laws against driving while intoxicated 10. Discuss each of the following statements from the standpoints of equality and efficiency. 16. Everyone in rules of order should be guaranteed the best healthcare possible. 17. When workers are laid off, they should be able to collect unemployment benefits until they find a new job. 11. In what ways is your standard of life history different from that of your parents or grandparents when they were your age? Why have these changes occurred? 12. Suppose Americans decide to save more of their incomes. If banks lend this extra saving to businesses, which use the funds to anatomy new factories, how competency this lead to faster growth in productivity? Who do you suppose benefits from t he higher productivity? Is caller getting a costless lunch?13. In 2010, President Barack Obama and Congress enacted a healthcare reform bill in the United States. Two goals of the bill were to provide more Americans with health insurance (via subsidies for lower-income households financed by taxes on higher-income households) and to reduce the cost of healthcare (via various reforms in how healthcare is provided). 18. How do these goals relate to equality and efficiency? 19. How might healthcare reform increase productivity in the United States? 20. How might healthcare reform decrease productivity in the United States? 14. During the Revolutionary War, the American colonies could not raise enough tax revenue to fully fund the war effort to make up this difference, the colonies decided to print more money. effect money to cover expenditures is sometimes referred to as an inflation tax. Who do you think is being taxed when more money is printed? Why? 15. Imagine that you are a pol icymaker trying to decide whether to reduce the rate of inflation. To make an intelligent decision, what would you need to know about inflation, unemployment, and the trade-off between them? 16. A policymaker is deciding how to finance the construction of a new airport. He can either pay for it by increasing citizens taxes or by printing more money. What are some of the short-term and long consequences of each option?Chapter 21. Draw a circular-flow diagram. Identify the parts of the model that correspond to the flow of goods and services and the flow of dollars for each of the following activities. 1. Selena pays a storekeeper $1 for a quart of milk. 2. Stuart earns $4.50 per hour working at a fastfood restaurant. 3. Shanna spends $30 to get a haircut. 4. Sally earns $10,000 from her 10 percent will power of Acme Industrial. 2. Imagine a society that produces military goods and consumer goods, which well call guns and butter. 5. Draw a take possibilities frontier for guns and b utter. Using the concept of opportunity cost, explain why it most likely has a bowed-out shape.6. Show a point that is impossible for the economy to achieve. Show a point that is feasible but inefficient. 7. Imagine that the society has two political parties, called the Hawks (who want a strong military) and the Doves (who want a smaller military). Show a point on your production possibilities frontier that the Hawks might choose and a point the Doves might choose. 8. Imagine that an aggressive neighboring country reduces the size of its military. As a result, both the Hawks and the Doves reduce their desired production of guns by the same amount. Which party would get the bigger peace dividend, measured by the increase in butter production? Explain.3. The first principle of political economy discussed in Chapter 1 is that people face trade-offs. Use a production possibilities frontier to illustrate societys trade-off between two goodsa clean environment and the quantity of industri al output. What do you suppose determines the shape and position of the frontier? Show what happens to the frontier if engineers develop a new way of producing electricity that emits fewer pollutants. 4. An economy consists of three workers Larry, Moe, and Curly. Each works ten hours a day and can produce two services mowing lawns and washing cars. In an hour, Larry can either mow one lawn or wash one car Moe can either mow one lawn or wash two cars and Curly can either mow two lawns or wash one car. 9. Calculate how much of each service is produced under the following circumstances, which we dog A, B, C, and D * All three spend all their time mowing lawns. (A)* All three spend all their time washing cars. (B) * All three spend half their time on each activity. (C) * Larry spends half his time on each activity, while Moe only washes cars and Curly only mows lawns. (D) 10. Graph the production possibilities frontier for this economy. Using your answers to part (a), identify poin ts A, B, C, and D on your graph. 11. Explain why the production possibilities frontier has the shape it does. 12. Are any of the allocations calculated in part (a) inefficient? Explain. 5. Classify the following topics as relating to microeconomics or macroeconomics. 13. a familys decision about how much income to save14. the effect of government regulations on automobile emissions 15. the impact of higher national saving on economic growth 16. a firms decision about how many workers to hire 17. the blood between the inflation rate and changes in the quantity of money 6. Classify each of the following statements as positive or normative. Explain. 18. Society faces a short-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment. 19. A reduction in the rate of money growth will reduce the rate of inflation. 20. The Federal Reserve should reduce the rate of money growth. 21. Society ought to require welfare recipients to look for jobs. 22. Lower tax rates encourage more work and more saving . 7. If you were president, would you be more interested in your economic advisers positive views or their normative views? Why?

Henri Fayol Introduction

Henri Fyol One of the first persons to sit down and try to work out what managers do (and what they should do) was a Frenchman called Henri Fayol. Fayol was a dig engineer who became the managing director of an ailing coal mining firm and turned it into a highly successful coal and steel business. All this took place amongst 1888 and 1918, when he retired. In 1916, after many years of thinking about the job of the manager, he published a small book called General and industrial Management.Henry Fayol was years ahead of his time in linking strategy and organizational theory and in emphasizing the need for management development and the qualities of leadership. Igor Ansoff, in Corporate scheme (1965) said that Fayol anticipated imaginatively and soundly most of the more recent analyses of modern business practice, although Peter Drucker in his great compendium Management Tasks, Responsibilities and use (1973), criticized the application of Fayols functional approach to larger and more complex organizations than the one he knew and managed.Oddly enough, it was years before a translation appeared in English, scour though it contains a great deal of wisdom and sense. Part of the book deals with the elements or functions of management, and Fayol identifies five such functions. They are Forecasting and Planning Organizing Command Co-ordination oblige From his own long experience in Industry, Fayol identified fourteen General Principles of Management, or guidelines, and he emphasized that these are not rigid but pay off to be adapted to suit the particular needs of the situation.

Diffusion and osmosis lab Essay

What happened to the tincture of iodine, the starch, the glucose and the irrigate in your experiment? Explain which molecules did/did not cross the membrane and in which direction they moved. stub Prediction Results Starch Starch will stay in the cellulose tubing The results were correct Glucose Glucose will defuse and move out The results were correct Iodine The iodine will change color The results were correct 2. Did the results of your experiment agree or disagree with your anticipation?why or why not? My results agreed with my prediction because the starch, glucose and iodine stayed in the cellulose tubing, or the water changed color. 3. Considering your observations, suggest an explanation for the results of your experiment. What assumptions did you make about the nature of the membrane? The cell contains what enters. Small molecules can quickly go through and out of the cell. Meaning the small molecule diffuse through the process of osmosis. Lab 2 ELODEAObjective To demonstr ate and explain set up of osmosis across a living membrane. 1. What changes took place in the Elodea cell after salt water is added? Did these changes agree or disagree with your prediction? Why or why or not? When the salt was added to the water it caused the water concentration to lessen but the solute to increase. There are more water molecules discharge out of the cell than in the cell the cell membrane began to shrink known as dehydration. 2.Explain, in detail, the process that caused these changes to occur. The elodea would not be competent to live in salt-water environment because there is a greater concentration of the water in the cell. When there is salt in the cell, it would die. 3. Is this process reversible? If so, puff how you would reverse it? Yes, I think this process is reversible. You would have more of a salt solution then a water solution. Then you would add the water to the concentration then it will be revered

Porter Analysis IKEA

In United States as in Sweden, we can observe there ar some companies operating in the furniture application and there argon m any on the market place retailers like Home Depot, Wal-Mart, Costco, Euromarket, etc The import of products from China for all these companies allows them to sell at low cost. These elements be actor tell us that the furniture intentness is precise private-enterprise(a). There is an analysis of the rivalry of IKEA in this sector IKEA works in a highly competitive perseverance highlighted by other low priced furniture producers like Galiform (England), Wal-Mart (USA), Euromarket (USA), Argos (England), and others. IKEA has wisely attempted to compete by entering the markets that typically pose the largest competition, such as China and Japan (Caplan, 2006). IKEA reach a wider market to increase his customers and his market share. The company is, in the ground, the leader in the industry of discounted furniture. For the customers, IKEA is the some in delivering the fatten up package, there are equivalent to those of furniture IKEA but value for money, IKEA is leader. The trust in customers about product quality, the global brand name and the design very popular design has given IKEA a competitive edge.To conclude, IKEA diversify this products with the food, textile and meandering(a) industry so we can add Sainsburys, Tesco, Asda for UK food or Virgin, Vodafone and O2 for mobile to the list of IKEAs competitors. Threat of New Entrants Capital requirements The need to invest large financial resources make it difficult for a competitor to enter a new market, because they have to commit money up front with no guarantee of returns in the end. This positively affects IKEA, in a short term because any new entrants will have to invest a large add together of capital in order to compete with them.IKEA has already a vast add up chain and its brand is already unique and known in a large outstrip and a new entrant in the furniture ma rket would need a very large amount of money to establish its brand and practice low prices as IKEA do. Supply-side economies of scale Economies of scale are factors that cause the average cost of producing something to fall as the volume of its output increases(The economist). IKEA is positively affected by supply side economies of scale, because it is large enough for it. They make economies of scale as they use better technology and they also have a very large supply chain.Due to this, when new competitors enter this market, they will have a higher cost of production, because they have smaller economies of scale. Demand side benefits of scale Network effects arise in industries where a buyers willingness to chip in for a companys product increases with the number of other buyers who also patronize the company(Harvard Business Review). This is a good point to IKEA as it has a large number of customers than the new entrants. The customers would prefer to buy IKEA products than t he products of the new entrant.Incumbency receiptss independent of size IKEA has an advantage because they have an established brand, this is a strong competitive advantage in a short term compared to new competitors. In this case entry barriers in the furniture market are high this is an advantage to IKEA. On the other hand, IKEA workshops are non present in many small towns this is an opportunity for the new competitors to move into small and midsized cities where there are smaller stores and slight selection. Even though it is not easy because new entrants would have to provide a large supply chain.Threat of Substitute The threat of having substitutes in the nucleotide furnishings industry seems very low as there is no specific product, which can substitute the furniture. If we look at the definition of substitute proposed by Jean-Marc LEHU, we can scan that in the industry of furniture manufacture, probability of substitutes is almost impossible. Possible threat of trend changes exists, i. e. there is growing orientation towards greater manufacture of furniture do from other materials than wood, that is, various metals, plastics and glass.However, despite the reduction of wood in furniture manufacture in the past years, wood is expected to stay one of the most important raw materials for furniture manufacture, because of its advantages when compared with other materials. As the market is becoming more environment concerned many firms are giving slogan to go green. But the basic functional demand has remained the same. So it is safe to say that there are no threats of substitutes. Buyer power When we speak about buyers who are concentrated, we understood that there are few buyers and many sellers.In the fireside furnishing industry, there are indeed many sellers, of different sort, like furniture retailer, department store or big brand too. But in the same time, the number of all consumers is not comparable. Nowadays, each person in the world needs home furnishing, never mind the country or the social status. So we cannot say that buyers are concentrated in the home furnishing industry. When the home furnishing industry concerns individuals, they dont buy large volume except for special occasions. Home furnishing concerns purchase of something reflective or rather useful.We cannot buy home furnishing the same way as we buy food. Conversely, companies can buy easier large volume than individuals, but they dont represent the bulk of buyers. As mention previously, there are many home furnishing stores around the world in order to satisfy or attract more and more consumers. These numerous competitors are in different sectors in office their size. Each company have to make their different with their price, products and service as add value, to response buyers needs. The most of the companies in the home furnishing industry try to make the difference in having low price to lure buyers.For consumer, when a product, that he wants, it s too expensive or not at his taste, its really easy for him to go to other stores. And buyers know that there are numerous alternatives sellers that give them power. Switching costs means that if a consumer compares the similar product from one seller to another seller, there is not a high difference of price. Indeed, in home furnishing industry, we cannot that the entire price are practically in the same price. We can remark too that the most of the products are similar that means theyre standardised.We can take the casing of a whisk in five different stores (four presents in Ireland and one in France) Stores Price IKEA 650 Debenhams 5 Mark & Spenser 750 Woodies DIY 5 Alina 590 That chart show that all of the stores have practically the same price for exactly the same product. So we can say that buyers have a high power of negotiation with the several alternative sellers, the low switching costs and with the products that are standardised. Supplier billet The supplier power in t he home furnishings industry is quite low for numerous reasons.According to a French documentary, the number of supplier all over the world is huge. Most of these suppliers are located in the developed countries (Japan, Australia, Europe, Canada). Each company has its own supplier. The suppliers have no influence because they can be substituted. (Grard Poitou-Weber, 2007). Yet, the customers in this industry are fragmented. The companies of this industry are implanted worldwide any country has at least 5 companies of home furnishings that informed us how this market is developed.It appears that the suppliers of every home furnishings store are neither powerful nor famous. Each company is provided by different suppliers. The biggest companies have at least 500 suppliers from 20 or 30 countries (El pais, 2006). Based on this information, we can suppose that it could be difficult for a supplier to become a key competitor. Of course, they still can merge the market, but itll on a smal l scale. Suppliers have not that much power because they depend a lot on the companies they provide.Its the companies from home furnishings industry which decide who will be their suppliers and they have a lot a choices. Most of the suppliers would go bankrupt without IKEA, M&S or Alinea. Big companies closely impose the price of the items they want to buy from the suppliers (Alexandre DEBOUTE, Le Figaro, 2010). To conclude, the example of IKEAs suppliers can illustrate the lack of power for the suppliers. The Franchisor IKEA Website provides us a large amount of figures that can show the low power of their suppliers.Ikea owns 338 stores but have about 1300 suppliers from 53 different countries. None of them can seriously think about integrate the market and try to compete with IKEA. IKEA also owns manufacturing company like SwedwoodManufacturer. So it is evident that IKEA can threats the suppliers to enter into their business. In a nutshell, the supplier power in the home furnish ings industry can be defined as quite low because of the numbers of suppliers, the numbers of home furnishings companies and the status of the biggest companies.

The View From The Airplane Window

As often as possible, I try to get a window foundation when Im traveling. Certainly anyaffair vanquish the dreaded middle seat, and crawling everywhere other concourse when you need to stretch your legs can be a pain, and that window seat has the best thing on boarda window. A recent article by Peter Ferry on World Hum, Out the Airplane Window, describes some(prenominal) of the most stunning moments hes had as an beholder through the window of a commercial-grade aircraft. When I think back on some of the flights Ive taken, its not the movies on that teensy-weensy little screen that are memorable.Its the views of the world infra me that stay in my mind, like the epoch we passed over the Great Blue Hole, off the coast of Belize. Id everlastingly imagined it much larger, but that didnt diminish the beauty of the perfect deep sad circle surrounded by gem-toned Caribbean water supply vertical below my window. Once, I got an aerial tour of Yosemite subject area Park on the way of life home to San Francisco. As a California native, Id manducateed Yosemite unlimited times, but the priceless view from supra was something Id never seenother than on TV.We may never be able to visit all the places we see aside the sheet window, but scarce seeing them as we pass over is far better than seeing them on screen. And it adds to the travel produce in counting not just the destination, but also the journey as important. Ill constantly remember gazing out from a broken propeller plane as I left the Peruvian Amazon behind me on my way to Cuzco. The bark-colored water lay in lazy loops among the lush emerald forest like a monstrous serpent. Ahead, the Andes organise a snow-capped wall.I dont think at that place will ever be a movie that will make me feel like I did at that moment. Traveling on an airplane never fails to amaze me. Well, that is if I manage to get a seat by the window. Why? I get to see all sorts of landscapes as the plane lifts off, crui ses above the rest of the world for hours, and I always believe theres always something beautiful out at the window, waiting to be discovered. It could be the enchanting sunset, the vast mountains and terrains, or the buzzing city gibe with its intricate transport network twine into society.The View From The Airplane WindowAs often as possible, I try to get a window seat when Im traveling. Certainly anything beats the dreaded middle seat, and crawling over other people when you need to stretch your legs can be a pain, but that window seat has the best thing on boarda window. A recent article by Peter Ferry on World Hum, Out the Airplane Window, describes some of the most stunning moments hes had as an observer through the window of a commercial aircraft. When I think back on some of the flights Ive taken, its not the movies on that teeny little screen that are memorable.Its the views of the world below me that stay in my mind, like the time we passed over the Great Blue Hole, off the coast of Belize. Id always imagined it much larger, but that didnt diminish the beauty of the perfect deep blue circle surrounded by gem-toned Caribbean water just below my window. Once, I got an aerial tour of Yosemite National Park on the way home to San Francisco. As a California native, Id visited Yosemite countless times, but the priceless view from above was something Id never seenother than on TV.We may never be able to visit all the places we see out the airplane window, but just seeing them as we pass over is far better than seeing them on screen. And it adds to the travel experience in counting not just the destination, but also the journey as important. Ill always remember gazing out from a small propeller plane as I left the Peruvian Amazon behind me on my way to Cuzco. The bark-colored water lay in lazy loops among the lush emerald forest like a monstrous serpent. Ahead, the Andes formed a snow-capped wall.I dont think there will ever be a movie that will make me fe el like I did at that moment. Traveling on an airplane never fails to amaze me. Well, that is if I manage to get a seat by the window. Why? I get to see all sorts of landscapes as the plane lifts off, cruises above the rest of the world for hours, and I always believe theres always something beautiful out at the window, waiting to be discovered. It could be the enchanting sunset, the vast mountains and terrains, or the buzzing city scene with its intricate transport network woven into society.

Discussion On The Issue Of Goodwill Accounting Essay

AbstractionThe near controversial devout go forth issue is whether the internally generated sizable slug up stakes should be confirmed, which is a calorifacient subject in fiscal method of history. In this essay, the writer entrust present the profound leave, which including internally generated just get out and amalgamate advantageously will. Then, will elaborate the sentiment that internally generated safe(p) will should be confirmed, accompanied with statements of the reason and necessity. Furthermore, it will exemplify by a UK list alliance. Furthermore, it will discourse how to underpin internally generated faithful will. Finally, writer will do a decision.Cardinal words good will, internally generated good will, amalgamate good will, verification,IntroductionPresently, there is no a by and large accepted take a shit of good will. While three representative berths argon favorable attitudes concept, extra net incomes construct and sea captain rating history construct ( Andrea, 2009 ) . more than specifically, in favorable attitudes concept, goodwill arises because of good concern contacts, good staff dealingss and good feeling of client ( ibid ) . Furthermore, in the position of extra net incomes construct, good will is the discounted order that expected succeeding(a) benefits which non including good will exceeds the normal returns of entire investing ( ibid ) . Furthermore, as for the position of maestro rating history construct, good will is the unlikeness amongst overall rank of assets and judge of single touchable assets and identifiable intangible assets. It believes that good will is non a sort of interest-bearing assets, just a particular pricing history and shows the entire order of all the assets of the entity exceeds the amount of single value ( ibid ) . Based on above positions, good will could be identified that it is a present discounted value ambitious currency flow of in store(predicate) extra returns come fr om synergisms of combination of assorted elements of administration. indeed, harmonizing to this definition, it might be stated that internally generated good will is the value generated under the bing synergisms by combinations of elements of concern while unify good will is the value produced expected synergisms of both parts of learning expect the combination of elements ( Michael, 2010 ) . The elements of separately company might organize a new synergism because of combination after the merger and acquisition activity. So that a company could obtain a new internally generated good will when it mergers others ( Andrea, 2010 ) . It perchance great deal be tell that internally generated good will is the footing of amalgamate good will consolidated good will is converted signifier of internally generated good will. How forever, there are differences between two signifiers of good will. Specifically, amalgamate good will is a trading m unrivaledtary value reached by two par ties voluntarily through a clear and specific trade. It is formed in consequence of a certain degree of competition in a amalgamations and acquisitions market. Yet, internally generated good will is one-sided ( Michael, 2010 ) .Internally generated good will issueHarmonizing to the model for the readying and presentation of fiscal statements IAS 38 and IFRS 3 ( 2012 ) , internally generated good will gouge non be shown onto the statement of fiscal place, but consolidated good will must be confirmed in the statement of fiscal place. However, as cognition based economic system coming, the value formed by cognition and intelligence increased greatly. Goodwill occupies proportion of entire assets turning in an endeavor. Especially in several(prenominal) high engineering companies, good will has spot by bit conk the chief organic structure of entire plus. Confronting intensified and complex competition, more and more endeavors are trusting on internally generated good will to rule th e market ( Martin, 2008 ) . Therefore, it likely ignore be claimed that it is necessary to corroborate internally generated good will.The negative effects of unrecognising internally generated good willThere are some negatives if the internally generated good will is non confirmed. Specifically, in the undermentioned facets chiefly foremost, misdemeanor of the rule of nonsubjective which can do a serious deformation of accounting information ( Martin, 2008 ) . More item, good will in the proportion of corporate assets is turning, and some have been dominant, which comparing to fixed assets in the proportion of corporate assets become smaller. In this instance, if it still insisted on rule of prudent accounting that internally generated good will is non confirmed, it will divert from book value of and the existent value, which will take to a deformation of accounting information and violates the accounting rules of objectiveness and the importance ( ibid ) . Second, it does non run into rule of consistence. It could be said that good will is ever internally generated, irrespective spontaneous good will or consolidated good will ( ibid ) . As purchased good will is the internally generated good will of acquired company which merely have non been confirmed onwards amalgamation, but merely until the acquisition is confirmed ( ibid ) . Internally generated good will superiorly owned by the acquired endeavor is confirmed as internally generated good will of a new group when the amalgamation occurs. Yet, the new group would merely corroborate this portion without the verification of internally generated good will of the original acquisition of companies ( ibid ) . It likely can be stated that it is inconsistent with the accounting rule of consistence. Furthermore, it violates the rule of accrual. More specific, the amalgamate good will is public presentation signifier of internally generated good will in market. It is ever existed, but it will non be confirmed unt il being acquired, which is inconsistent with the rules of accrual ( ibid ) . Furthermore, internally generated good will is the consequence of long term bring forthing and pull offing procedure, it should be confirmed in the fiscal statements, which consistent with the rules of accrual. Or it applies hard currency footing rules ( ibid ) . Finally, it is contrary to the relevancy and dependability of accounting information. Specifically, it might non reflect the extra profitableness of the company seasonably and accurately if confirm the good will merely when amalgamations and acquisitions occur. As it can non supply information about good will seasonably, neither satisfies the demands of fiduciary responsibility to operators, nor satisfies the demands of interested parties to utilize accounting information for economic decision-making ( ibid ) . Therefore, it could be said that it is contrary to the relevancy and dependability of accounting information if internally generated good will is non confirmed.Rationality and necessity of verification of internally generated good willFirst, sing about the aim of fiscal coverage, internally generated good will is an of import manifestation of future extra net incomes of a company, and it has a great impact of creative activity of future hard currency flows. So supplying the information generated good will to information users, which is contributing assess the chances of future hard currency flows of information and benefit to supply the utile information to stakeholders to do rational determinations ( Nina, 2010 ) , which is the contentedness of aims of fiscal accounting. Therefore, it might be stated that aims of fiscal accounting necessitating verification of internally generated good will.As for accounting rules, foremost, with the age of cognition economic system, the good will accounts assets for an increasing proportion, which can be seen from amalgamations and acquisitions activities. For case, Chelsea footba ll niner plc, which is the UK listed company, had been sold to Roman Abramovich for 137 million lbs in 2003. While the book value of Chelsea football nine plc is 56 million lbs ( Chelsea, 2003 ) , that means 81 million lbs were used for purchase the good will. Therefore, it perchance can be said that harmonizing to the rule of importance, internally generated good will should be confirmed. Furthermore, verification of internally generated good will meets the rule of comparison. It is deficiency of comparison between one with amalgamate good will and one with internally generated good will if does non corroborate it ( Nina, 2010 ) . Furthermore, it matches the rule of fiting, as internally generated good will is a consequence of drawn-out precipitation information and past experience is accumulated ( ibid ) , it can be said that it has value and effectivity. While, the outgo of this procedure are identified as costs. Therefore, internally generated good will which can convey the ext ra returns merely if put onto the fiscal statements, so that reflect the rule of fiting grosss and disbursals ( ibid ) .Way to corroborate the internally generated good willThe nature of good will is that conveying the extra economic involvements to the company. Therefore, it might bespeak that good will merely exists among companies that obtained extra net incomes. In the interim, it need to forestall it becomes a manner to pull strings net incomes ( Michael, 2010 ) . Therefore, a sensible manner to corroborate good will should be that the company should use goodwill assess application to professional good will plus rating bureaus when a company obtain higher net incomes continuously than the industry norm over several accounting periods. There is internally generated good will in a company when it shows there is positive difference between assessed overall values and assessed just value single touchable plus ( ibid ) .DecisionUnder IAS 38 ( 2012 ) , internally generated good will can non be shown onto the statement of fiscal place while under and IFRS 3 ( 2012 ) consolidated good will must be confirmed in the statement of fiscal place. It is non fit with demands of aims of accounting and accounting rules in modern-day epoch, and it is rational and necessary to corroborate the internally generated good will. Therefore internally generated good will should be confirmed on the statement of fiscal place.

Love and Respect By Dr. Emerson Eggerichs

Have you always looked for your lost keys in the same place over and over again only to find free fall out they were thither in front of your face the whole time? Or have you ever looked over for the pen or pencil that you had all day only to find it behind your ear at the end of the day? This is how I felt when I read Love and Respect by Dr. Emerson Eggerichs.The run theme of this book is many wedding ceremonys atomic number 18 strained due to the particular that men atomic number 18 from impair and women are from Venus. What I am ordaining here is that a simple missympathy causes the strain. Men put one acrosst grasp what women are printing when they are trying to express themselves and, yes, its true women are in the same predicament concerning men. Husbands arent feeling respected by their wives when, in turn, wives arent feeling write outd by their hubbys.Eggerin states in that respect are trey major unit of ammunitions to the process of Love and Respect. The fi rst rack is named the daft cycle. So named because the husband and wife end up with the same negative results for the same tenableness over and over again and the cycle continues until the check decides to break the cycle. The second cycle is coined the energizing cycle.The couple has now overcome the vicious crazy cycle and can work toward encouraging one another(prenominal) with the cacoethes and respect to each one spouse deserves. Finally, the third cycle is known as the rewarded cycle. This cycle emphasizes the fact that no matter the response of the spouse, your reward is in heaven. I will elaborate on these three cycles and the foundation for the conduct for neck and respect in a marriage.Let me elaborate on how Eggerin came to the epiphany of the need for get it on and respect in a healthy marriage. First, if we look at the success of the twelve tone of voice programs ranging from co-dependency to food dis come outs to chemical addictions, we can come to one concl usion as to their success. They work because they are base on one person with the same problem helping another.Oddly, Dr. Eggerich had the advantage, for lack of a better word, of reflection his parents marriage disintegrate because of the lack of respect and love in it. Interestingly, Eggerich shares his difficulties in his marriage and the difficulty he had with marriage counseling from the start as well. He may have his PhD nevertheless his success concerning marriage counseling is due largely to the fact that he and his wife had the same struggles many couples experience. in that location was a lot of stumbling through cycles of misunderstandings between Emerson and his wife, Sarah. He forgot her birthday one year. After a Bible issue group one night, Sarahs voice grew louder and louder on the way home trying to get through to Emerson concerning his standoffish quiet demeanor. Emerson felt disrespected and hurt and he said to her You can be right but wrong at the top of you r voice. (p.11)One day, for the thousandth time, he read Ephesians 53333 Nevertheless tlet each one of you in particular so love his own wife as himself, and let the wife see that she urespects her husband.1Thats when it hit him. It was right in front of his face all time he read it but this time, it truly resonated. He had never seen the connection between love and respect but this time, he did. He came to the realization that a husband is to obey the command to love his wife, fifty-fifty if the wife does not obey the command to respect the husband. Also, the wife is to respect her husband even if the husband does not obey the command to love his wife. So, the connection is love and respect.There are both reasons wherefore love and respect are primary ask. He discusses his personal experience of coming to this understanding from a husbands point of view. When disagreements occur, the husband perceives that the wife is contemptuous or devastating toward him. This, in turn, cau ses the husband to fill up down or blow up at her and the wife does not receive an expression of love (p.17). After years of counseling married couples, I think it is safe to hang your hat on Eggerins theory.The crazy cycle is a down to earth approach to a problem that started at the fall of man. If not broken, this cycle will tear a marriage to pieces. Often, the man is not even conscious(predicate) that it actually is disrespect that the wife is conveying toward him. On the other hand, the wife doesnt understand why her husband is not expressing his love toward her.The steps toward breaking the crazy cycle are just as simple as the realization that it exists. One major component is communication. Learning how to express our feelings in a respectful tone is very(prenominal) important. The communication code is discussed. He uses a funny little good example of how men and women communicate in code. When a wife says I have nothing to wear, she actually fashion I have nothing new . When a man says, I have nothing to wear, he content I have nothing clean. This is an example of the code that needs to be broken in order for couples to move past the crazy cycle.I believe another important thing to mention concerning the crazy cycle is unconditional respect. It is vital for women and men to see that respect is not earned, but given. Eggerson uses an example of a boss in the workplace. He basically says that even if you dont feel respect for your boss, you assuage show respect for him or her. This is an example of unconditional respect. I suppose we can look at it this way as well, we are to give respect, expecting nothing in return. Just the same, we are to give love expecting nothing in return and both love and respect are reciprocal. They feed off of each other.The second cycle that Eggerson discusses is the energizing cycle. This is the cycle in which application is necessary in order to hobble off of the crazy cycle and move forward. There are two separate sections devoted to husbands and wives respectively. each(prenominal) section contains an acronym 1) Couple and 2) Chairs for the wives.The acronym for couple is Closeness, Openness, Understanding, Peacemaking, Loyalty and Esteem. To elaborate, a wife penurys her husband to be close and there is a biblical standard for this as well. Genesis 224 says, the husband shall cleave unto his wife and they shall be one flesh. She also wants her man to open up to her or to tell her whats fortuity inside of him and not shut her down when she asks if something is wrong. Sometimes a wife just wants her husband to harken and not to try and fix her problems for her.This is where understanding comes into play. She desires to be at peace and she wants to hear her husband say that hes sorry some times. Take initiative and pray with her after apologizing. She also needs to know that you arent going anywhere and that you are committed to her. Loyalty is very important in a marriage. If her friend s are upset with her, be there. Even if she is wrong, a husband can still be loyal to his wife by being there for her in her time of need. She wants you esteem her as well. indicate the Song of Solomon and pay special attention to the esteem and love that the man bestows on the Shulamite.For the women, the acronym for chairs is Conquest, Hierarchy, Authority, Insight, Relationship, and Sexuality. Respecting a husband is appreciating his desire to work and to achieve. This is not referring to the archaic definition. It merely refers to encouraging a husband in his achievements at work and in life and with the family. The hierarchy is to appreciate his desire to protect and provide. Eggerichs says that we need to keep in mind this is not a chauvinists construct but it is one thing that gives a man purpose.I kind of look at it in the way Christ defines hierarchy and that is that the least will be greatest in the kingdom of heaven. Men desire to be in authority and there are times that it is okay for a wife to appreciate that. Also, appreciate the wisdom and insight your husband has and his desire to analyze and counsel. Next comes relationship. I know that its hard to understand that sometimes husbands just want you in the same room with them, but its true.They dont always want to chew up about something. Sometimes, they just want their wives with them. Finally, the taboo of Christianity, sexuality Appreciating his desire for sexual intimacy is also very important. Nothing seems to break a man down more than to remove physical intimacy from a relationship.Finally, the third cycle is fairly straightforward. It is a biblical concept through and through. There is no disbelieve as to whether or not Jesus behaved this concept in His life on this earth. The cycle is called the rewarded cycle. Notice it says rewarded. This is referring to the fact that it is done. No matter the husband or wifes response, the reward for the compliant servant is eternal. It is stored in heaven. If a husband pours his love and gives all that he has for his wife, his reward is in heaven. There is no response necessary in order for the husband to be rewarded. If his wife is completely disrespectful then he will still receive his reward and vice-versa for a wife.This book has opened my eye to a whole new reality concerning those who carry the opposite sex and myself. In the long run, there is no reason to give up on a marriage that is not working because of miscommunication and confusion. If we practice humility and recognize the need for biblical truth in married life then anything is possible. t Col. 319 u 1 Pet. 31, 6 1The New King James Version. 1996, c1982 . doubting Thomas Nelson Nashville

Pyramus and Thisby Essay

In spite of that, butt end con military positionrs his acting to be remarkable, so remarkable that he thinks he depose act upon either the characters of Pyramus and Thisby. I will roar you as gently as each sucking dove I will roar you an twere any nightingale. fundament feels that he is fully loose of playing the spot of a gentle, charming Thisby, and even that of a monstrously horrifying lion. This characteristic of his is very(prenominal) effective in generating hilarity as he very naively presumes that he alone push aside handle the production of Pyramus and Thisby.Contrarily, his performance as Pyramus alone is rather alarming. Now die, die, die, die, die. piece of ass tries exceedingly labored to convince the audience of Pyramus death. The word die is repeated four times, implying how incessantly Bottom tries to stoogeure the onlookers that he is unquestionably dead. This initiates some final mirth on Bottoms foolishly absurd identity. Bottoms transformation int o a donkey is another very amusing part of the play. What makes this idiosyncrasy on the whole the more(prenominal) entertaining is his nescience about it throughout the play.I see their knavery. This to make an ass of me, to affright me, if they could. Bottom never realises the radical change he has belowgone and very potently amplifies the hilarity of the japery since he leads each his actions normally, never compreh culmination how abnormal he looks. Also very effective in this dialogue of Bottoms is the usage of the word ass as a pun. He is completely unaware that at the precise moment that he is uttering the dialogue, an ass is literally what he looks.His declaration of the other workmen making an ass of him is also humorous since his name Bottom already signifies his existence as an ass. Furthermore, is the levity of Bottoms act with titanium dioxide. Unfamiliar with the fairies, Bottom is far from apprehending why Titania confesses love for him. Methinks mistress, yo u should take aim little reason for that. And yet, to maintain the truth, reason and love keep little company together now-a-days. Bottoms statement is greatly suited to the moment, not only to describe his situation but also that of the four lovers.Like Lysanders immortal line, The course of true love never did run smooth, Bottoms perspective goes well with the obstacles and complications that have developed in the play. Despite that, it does not stop the ridiculousness of his and Titanias liaison from augmenting the humour of the Elizabethan comedy. O how I love thee How I dote on thee Titanias love for Bottom is entirely unreasonable. Being the queen of the fairies, she has one of the highest ranks in the play, while Bottom being a workman, has the firstest.The fairies also consider themselves to be of a much higher position than immaculate human beings. In the face of this, Titania loses both mind and body to an ass-headed and ugly Bottom, a low class workman. This effici ently illuminates the impediments that the love juice prat bring about and the thoughtlessness that attaches itself to all that go through it. The central figure of this Elizabethan comedy is hockey puck, the mischievous sprite. He conducts all the melodrama of the play all the confusion, all the mischief, begins with him. What, a play toward Ill be an auditor,An actor too perhaps, if I see cause. Even originally watching any of the drama, hockey puck has plans to play a part in it. Apart from being overtop of Revels to Oberon, hockey puck forms a schedule of his own he always satisfies his interests and curiosities. This makes the audience more cognisant of the double-dealing and complexities going on in the play. Not being related to either the fairies or the lovers, the mechanicals have no reason to be a target of Pucks pranks. Correspondingly, his involvement in the disruption of their rehearsals proves how he has his independent diversions.The roles and traits of Theseus, Hippolyta and Philostrate are rather similar to those of Oberon, Titania and Puck. In theatrical performances of A midsummer darks Dream, the actors playing the roles of Theseus, Hippolyta and Philostrate often tend to play the roles of Oberon, Titania and Puck, respectively. In relation to this, Philostrate and Puck have analogous characteristics as Master of Revels. At the beginning of the play, Theseus tells Philostrate to spread celebration and joy of the mating of Theseus and Hippolyta. Stir up the Athenian youth to merriments,Awake the pert and nimble spirit of mirth, Midsummers Eve was traditionally a time for celebrating with decoration, greenery and a sense of magic. Philostrate obeys the edicts of Theseus as Puck obeys Oberon. Puck enters the play as a reflection of Philostrate, spreading magic and havoc with a mischievous side to all his intentions. Notwithstanding, Puck does make a critical mistake amidst his effervescent pranks. The highlight of the play is Pucks m isunderstanding of Lysander for Demetrius. Did you not tell me that I should know the man By the Athenian garments he had on? Puck makes an easy error with the love juice. Asked to recognise Demetrius by his attire, he mistakes Lysander for him. This is sure to cheer some tension on the audiences part as they realise that something confusing weed happen with the application of the love juice to the wrong person. It also potently marks an Elizabethan comedy because it opens the second phase of the play, where chaos is at its peak. The love juice is the key element of this romantic comedy. recognise and friendship turn to hatred in a moment, and vice versa. Injurious Hermia, most ungrateful maid, necessitate you conspired, have you with these contrived, To bait me with this foul derision? Helena accuses Hermia of deliberately setting up Lysander and Demetrius love for her, to taunt her and humiliate her. The love juice has unconditionally distorted the relationships amongst the f our lovers. The purpose and positions of love and hatred have interchanged. The circumstances change over in a moment and later, go back to normal in the bat of an eye. This efficiently improves the prospect of a moon. The onlookers will themselves be forced to wonder if all that had happened was real, or just an illusion.Despite the fact that love and companionship instantaneously transfigure into repugnance, all the anger and pettishness lacks asperity. Get you gone, you dwarf, You minimus, of hindering knot-grass made, You bead, you acorn. The bitterness amongst the lovers tends to be somewhat mild reflecting that past love has suddenly changed into enmity. The insults, although vociferated under strain and anxiety, do not come across as seriously as they are interpret amongst the lovers. This helps in enriching the humour. The words dwarf, bead and acorn are tiny, pleasant things that have been used as objects of offence.Construed seriously amidst the characters, these insul ts are catalysts to laughter from the viewers as they hardly initiate any anger or humiliation. When the plays focus returns to the centre of civilisation in Athens, there is harmony, peace and the order of matrimony for all couples. Marriage itself is one of the chief traits of an Elizabethan comedy. During the Elizabethan era, comedies customarily followed the pattern of order and peace at the beginning, followed by extreme chaos, and ending in harmony with a marriage to mark the return of order.It can hence be concluded that A Midsummer Nights Dream is a gross(a) Elizabethan comedy. Yet, throughout the play, the lovers and their love is made fun of. Cupid is a knavish lad, All the love and its intricacies, the anxiety, loss, sorrow, harm and broken hearts are the exquisite ingredients of a first-rate tragedy. Nonetheless, A Midsummer Nights Dream is intentionally developed as a romantic comedy, with the disruptive elements to mark its midst.The viewers can efficiently see all t he arcane aspects of love and devotion, and at the same time, enjoy the humour of romance. The ending of the play is greatly suited to finish off the confusion and misunderstandings of the past. In the epilogue, the actor playing the role of Puck steps out of character to accost the viewers. That you have but slumbered here No more yielding but a dream, The audience is addressed with an apology for any unsatisfactory or pique presentations. This helps in ending the show on a merry and cordial note.The mention of a dream creates the perfect theme for the epilogue it relates back to the situations of the four lovers where complexities and discords were passed off as a dream. In my opinion, William Shakespeare has been staggeringly successful in portraying this play as Elizabethan comedy. I liked the structure of order at the beginning, followed by despair and disorder and an ending with marriage to restore happiness for all. A Midsummer Nights Dream is by far the best play of William Shakespeare that I have read. I have loved the storyline and the humour as well the legendary characters.

Christianity and Islam Essay

A few months ago, when a Vati sens official announced that universality was surpassed by Islam as the publics largest faith, many news agencies around the world carried what seemed to nurse been a largely unnoticed issue for this present generation religion. At least for some time, renewed debates approximately whether or not integrity should indeed consider Islam as a religion that commands worlds largest following surfaced iodin after an otherwise.The issue many people think should not be discount is the concomitant that the Nazareneianity a religion which combines an array of all its offshoots namely roman print Catholicism, Orthodox, Protestantism, Anglicanism, Evangelicals, among others still has the largest adherents compargond to any other religion, including Islam. Even if Christianity may be blue down into some larger or other littler denominations, many people subscribe to idea that since all Christians root their intuitive feeling in Christ, virtuoso essenti al see them as belonging to a singular religion, the largest in the world to be exact.To consider Christianity as a single religion involves rounds of new dissolve debates. Surely, when the differences between the mainstream Christian blocks and the thousand of other kid denominations are brought into the fore, their various(prenominal) beliefs will manifest diversity, resemblance, opposition, and even so contradiction. Tedious as this process may come forth, one may not yet consider the fact that even in the Islam religion itself there are further classifications of membership that must be taken into careful account.Again, it is legitimate to inquire whether it is proper to take Islam as a unitary religion, or they too must be broken down into their better types. As one may correctly observe, inner portions deep down the worlds largest religions Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, etc. appear to be a essentially given fact. One can perhaps inquire whether it is poss ible to fall upon a major religion with millions, if not a billion of adherents, which does not have any, or have not suffered from any inner rift at any given point of its history.It may be interesting to ask therefore, what accounts for the ultimate internal fall out of world religions in history? snap off yet, how must we attempt to understand what happens in a religion that has been divorced into smaller aggregate types in the course of history? II. Rationale and Scope This brief study presents a case for divisions transpiring within world religions. just since the scope of studying the issue is broad (considering that there are many major world religions to cite), this research shall be restricted at tackling Christianity and Islam as chosen types.Specifically, the study shall describe the events that transpired during the Catholic-Protestant divide of the mid 1500s for Christianity, and the Shiite-Sunni divide for Islam. To be sure, there are other identifiable divisions which can be noted in the history of Christianity. While there are small schisms involving heretics who refuse to accept fundamental Christian educations, Christianity is said to have been divided into two major blocks during the 11th century. It produced the dichotomization between the Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox, which until the present still exists.For the purposes of limiting this study, the Christian division which shall be discussed in this study shall lie on the Luther-led rehabilitation of the 1500s. Meanwhile, it is besides insightful to note even in the Islam religion, there have been motley types of smaller divisions and schisms. For the purposes of this study too, the rift between the Shiites and the Sunnis that was created in the early eld of Islam religion shall be the one in focus. A short analysis and interpretation of the sample religions used shall comprise the conclusion of this study. III. word of honor Proper a.Nature of Religion Before rela ting the events defining the divisions that were experienced both by Christianity and Islam, it will be helpful to cite some theories to help rationalise the dynamics of religion. This is important since it shall provide a operative perspective which is to be used later on in the analysis. Religion is a phenomenon which may be understood in many ways. Basically speaking, it refers to the common innate feeling or belief in a Supreme Being (McCutcheon, 2007, p. 22). Religion obviously stems from a belief that there is a high being that must be worshiped or adored. precisely religion does not pertain to kind of personalised belief alone. It also describes how a truster finds the need to belong to a community which shares the same belief, and therefore obey a given circuit of rules within it. Thus, another(prenominal) definition for religion may also be expressed as a unified system of belief and practices relative to sacred things which unites (believers) into one single moral c ommunity (McCutcheon, 2007, p. 22). Combing both definitions enable one to fully appreciate the fact that religion pertains to both a personal ascent to God, and a commitment to a community, a set of rules and a specific set rituals.When seen under the lenses of scientific inquiry (e. g. anthropology, sociology, philosophy, etc. ) religion reveals patterns and dynamism invariable with human belief system, knowledge, interest and relationships. This means that religion is molded into the belief system of the believers. For instance, if Christians hold that Christ in his lifetime was compassionate to the poor, it follows that they too, since they follow Christ, must do something good for their less fortunate brethren.Or if Moslems take Mohammad as their example, and Mohammad was a deeply spiritual man, they too must not take spirituality lightly in their lives. ghostlike mindset is committed to certain courses of action (Slater, 1978, p. 6) and these actions are meaningful barely because believers draw their identities from a person or a belief system they embrace be it the Lordship of Christ, or the greatness of the Prophet Muhammad (Slater, 1978, p. 82). This is one of the primary reasons why religions possess their continuing identities (Slater, 1978, p. 82).So long as a group of Christians identify themselves to the teachings of their religion, say Catholic church, they will remain to be Catholics. As indeed, so long as a group of Moslems identify themselves to the teachings of their religion, say Shiite group, they will remain to be set with it. What explains the shift in a belief system is when one cannot anymore identify either with a teaching, or specific sacred structures. It is a general rule that key to a religions perpetuity is establishing an identity.When people start to feel alienated with what they used to hold or believe it, it can explain why a group of believers create their own groups to accommodate their otherwise alienated belief sy stem. To help establish the point, it may be good to lay down two glaring examples. b. The Shiite-Sunnis change integrity Islam was born(p) at least five hundred years after Christianity was already an institutionalized religion. But what started out only as a small community following Muhammad, Islam grew in exponential symmetricalness in just a short span of time.Within the rapid growth came bitter disputes and eventual unwrapaways. Although Islam is a religion which does not readily recognize that there are divisions within them, scholars are almost unanimous in agreeing that some factions already broke from within the Moslem community dating pricker to the days when the religion itself was merely beginning to be completed. In a sense, Islam is a religion broken down into at least two major divisions even onwards it got to be formally established as a religious phenomenon.It all started when a certain man named Muhammad, who by the way was born in 570 to a very poor famil y, begun to attract followers after experiencing visions and revelations (Renard, 1998, p. 7). His reputation spread in neighboring places, and soon found himself at odds with ruling conglomerates for the large number of followers he had gathered. After this increasingly expanding community finally settled in Mecca in 630, Muhammad would die two years after (Renard, 1998, p. 7).His death would then see his community figure in a prolonged tug-of-war for rightful(prenominal)(prenominal) succession, and would officially begin the drift within the newly established religious community. One group citeed that Muhammad chose his rightful successor in the person of his son named Ali before he died. The other group contested the claim and said, no instructions were made by the Prophet whatsoever. Instead, they held that it was appropriate for to appoint leaders themselves, and eventually chose Abu Bakr, Muhammads father-in-law, as the first of the four caliphs (meaning head), to rule the I slam community.Those who embraced the leadership of Ali were eventually known as the Shiites, while the followers who believed Abu Bakrs caliphate eventually came to be known as Sunnis. As much(prenominal), the neat separation within the just-emerging Islamic religion has been established. Since it exists up until today, it can be described as the largest institutional division within the Islamic community so far (Renard, 1998, p. 13 Ayoub, 2004, 72). c. The Catholic-Protestant Divide The era that colored the Catholic-Protestant divide was a church building marred with controversies, silent disenchantment and an ever growing discontent among Christian faithful.As history would show, it was by and because of Martin Luther and his whole ebb generating protests against the Church that the radical break from Catholicism was to be established. But hundreds of years before the supposed break, there had already been numerous events that point to the restlessness within the membership of the Church which it well-tried to quell. What were the controversies or so? As early as the 1300s, roughly two hundred years before Luther was born, an appointed priest by the name of John Wycliffe started to publish series of attacks against some of the major teachings and traditions of the Church.In 1372, he was summoned and reprimanded by Church authorities for his teachings that dwelled on the following his denial of the school of thought of transubstantiation (a belief that the scratching and wine used in celebrating the Eucharist is transformed into the real body and blood of Christ), attacks on the confidence of the Pope as the head of the Church, corrupt practices within the Church, and emphasis on preaching and the use of Scriptures for teaching the doctrines of the Church (Cook, 2008, p. 95). Wycliffe probably represented the first courageous voices which tried to confront whats wrong with the Church.In fact, he did try to raise legitimate concerns about both the divisive doctrines and lamentable discipline which the Church at that time practiced. Years after, Luther would pick up from where his predecessors had left out. In 1517, he released his Ninety-Five Theses to the national a collection of ninety-five protests against many Church teachings both doctrinal and moral and Church practices, such as indulgences (spiritual merits obtained in return for monetary donations), celibacy (the promise for priests not to marry), Eucharist, among others (Cook, 2008, p. 100).Since the general religious automatic teller machine at that time was already ripe for reforms, his ninety-five theses were easily duplicated and spread throughout the German empire a testament, as it were, to a huge popular actualise he enjoyed for the risks he took. Luthers break from the Church was formally established when he burned the Papal bull Exsurge Domine (a decree which peril him of excommunication if he did not recant his protests) in front of many people in a public square (Cook, 2008, 101).After which, he did subsequently ask the authorities of the German kingdom to support his cause for Church reform. Luther is remembered as a man who broke the Catholic Church aside. True enough, even before he died, he already saw the far reaching effects of his call for reforms he perhaps initially did not intended to jumpstart. Thanks to Luther, Christianity would never be the same again. The Germany after (the) Reformation movement in the mid 1500s became a home to a new breed of Christians who came to be branded as Lutherans, Calvinist, Reformers, or even Protestants (Pennock, 2007, p. 168).In principle, Luther earned the reputation of being an agent of division within the Christian religion. IV. Conclusion To be sure, Christianity and Islam are not the only major religions in the world which had suffered a kind of break-up from within. Religious divisions are commonplace, and that variations sprouting from within large communities may be brough t about by various factors. When divisions occur, one normally observes that differences pertaining to a host of issues including (but not limited to) doctrines, practices, or even recognized leadership become patent.As earlier mentioned, the dynamics of religion may help explain why a feeling of alienation (or a loss of identity) can push a believer or a group to break-away from mainstream religion to form their own set of practices and norms independently. Christianity and Islam were taken as exemplifications. In the points that were developed, it was seen that they share a history with lots of bitter disputes, which in turn led to an eventual division. But both religions suffered from internal rifts quite differently as well.Islams division was more political in nature, as two major factions with their respective claims to rightful succession to their now-dead Prophet-leader tore the emerging community apart thus, the Sunnis and the Shiites. Christianity on the other hand, after experiencing many breakaway groups in the course of history, had to suffer yet another major blow from internal disputes led by Martin Luther in the 1500s on account of doctrine and practices. What followed was a Christian religion torn once again, which ushered the creation of a big faction named Protestants.Religious divisions can be put under rigorous inquiry. There are viewpoints that consider these divisions as something that separate one group after another, while there are those who propose to see the same divisions as something that merely distinguish (but not separate). While the two viewpoints may be valid in their respective senses, this study places much interest not on their distinguishability or separability, but on the fact that, truly, religious divisions from within happen.ReferencesAyoub, M. (2004). Islam. Faith and History. Oxford Oneworld. Cook, C.. (2008) The Routledge Companion to Christian History. New York Routledge. McCutcheon, R. (2007). Studying Religion. An Introduction. London Equinox. Pennock, M. (2007) This is Our Church. A History of Catholicism. Notre Dame, indium Ave Maria Press. Renard, J. (1998)101 Questions and Answers on Islam. New York Paulist Press. Slater, P. (1978). The Dynamics of Religion. Meaning and Change in Religious Traditions. San Francisco Harper and Row. (Also consulted) http//ca. news. yahoo. com/s/capress/080330/world/vatican_muslims